Thermistor Tarihi da Gabatarwa
NTC thermistor gajeriyar magana ce don Ƙarfin zafin jiki mara kyau.Thermistor =Thermally m resistoAn gano shi a cikin 1833 ta hanyar Michael Faraday, wanda ke binciken semiconductors na sulfide na azurfa, ya lura cewa juriya na sulfides na azurfa ya ragu yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya karu, sannan Samuel Reuben ya tallata shi a cikin 1930s, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa cuprous oxide da jan karfe oxide kuma suna da ƙarancin zafin jiki mara kyau da aiki, kuma an sami nasarar biyan diyya a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi. Bayan haka, saboda ci gaba da ci gaban fasahar transistor, an sami babban ci gaba a cikin binciken thermistors, kuma a cikin 1960, an haɓaka NTC thermistors, yana cikin babban aji nam abubuwa.
NTC Thermistor wani nau'in nelafiya yumbu semiconductor thermal elementwanda aka sintered da yawa miƙa mulki karfe oxides, da farko na Mn (manganese), Ni (nickel), Co (cobalt) a matsayin albarkatun kasa, Mn3-xMxO4 (M=Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, da dai sauransu.) wani abu ne tare da Muhimmi Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC), wato, da resistivity yana raguwa.da yawatare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Musamman, juriya da juzu'in abu sun bambanta tare da rabon abun da ke tattare da kayan abu, yanayi mai ban sha'awa, yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin tsari.
Domin juriya darajarsa tana canzawadaidaikumaannabtaa mayar da martani ga kananan canje-canje a cikin jiki zafin jiki (Mataki na juriya canji ya dogara da daban-dabansiga formulations), da yana da m, barga da kuma sosai m, shi ne yadu amfani a zafin jiki ji na'urorin for smart gidaje, likita bincike, kazalika a cikin zafin jiki kula da na'urorin ga gida kayan, wayowin komai da ruwan, da dai sauransu, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi amfani da adadi mai yawa a cikin motoci da sabbin makamashi.
1. Ma'anoni na asali da ƙa'idodin Aiki
Menene NTC Thermistor?
■ Ma'anar:Maɗaukakin zafin jiki mara kyau (NTC) thermistor shine ɓangaren yumbu na semiconductor wanda juriya ya ragu.da yawayayin da yanayin zafi ya karu. Ana amfani dashi ko'ina don auna zafin jiki, ramuwa da zafin jiki, da matsi na yanzu.
■ Ka'idar Aiki:An yi shi daga oxides karfen canji (misali, mangan ese, cobalt, nickel), canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki yana canza maida hankali mai ɗaukar kaya a cikin kayan, yana haifar da canjin juriya.
Kwatanta Nau'in Sensor Nau'in Zazzabi
| Nau'in | Ka'ida | Amfani | Rashin amfani |
|---|---|---|---|
| NTC | Juriya ya bambanta da zafin jiki | Babban hankali, ƙarancin farashi | Fitowar da ba ta layi ba |
| RTD | Ƙarfe juriya ya bambanta da zafin jiki | Babban daidaito, kyakkyawan layi | Babban farashi, jinkirin amsawa |
| Thermocouple | Tasirin Thermoelectric (ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka samar ta bambancin zafin jiki) | Faɗin zafin jiki (-200°C zuwa 1800°C) | Yana buƙatar ramuwa junction sanyi, rauni sigina |
| Sensor Zazzabi na Dijital | Yana canza yanayin zafi zuwa fitarwa na dijital | Haɗin kai mai sauƙi tare da microcontrollers, babban madaidaici | Iyakantaccen zafin jiki, farashi mafi girma fiye da NTC |
| LPTC (Linear PTC) | Juriya yana ƙaruwa a layi tare da zafin jiki | Sauƙaƙan fitowar layi mai sauƙi, mai kyau don kariyar yawan zafin jiki | Iyakantaccen hankali, kunkuntar iyakokin aikace-aikacen |
2. Mahimman Ma'auni na Ayyukan Aiki da Kalmomi
Matsakaicin Mahimmanci
■ Juriya na Ƙa'ida (R25):
Juriyar wutar sifili a 25°C, yawanci daga 1kΩ zuwa 100kΩ.Farashin XIXITRONICSza a iya keɓancewa don saduwa da 0.5 ~ 5000kΩ
■Ƙimar B (Tsarin zafin jiki):
Ma'anar: B = (T1 · T2) / (T2-T1) · ln (R1 / R2), yana nuna alamar juriya ga canjin zafin jiki (naúrar: K).
Ƙimar B gama gari: 3000K zuwa 4600K (misali, B25/85=3950K)
XIXITRONICS za a iya musamman don saduwa da 2500 ~ 5000K
■ Daidaito (Haƙuri):
Ƙimar juriya (misali, ± 1%, ± 3%) da daidaito auna zafin jiki (misali, ± 0.5°C).
XIXITRONICS za a iya musamman don saduwa ± 0.2 ℃ a cikin kewayon 0 ℃ zuwa 70 ℃, mafi girman daidaito iya isa 0.05℃.
■Abubuwan Ragewa (δ):
Ma'aunin da ke nuna tasirin dumama kai, wanda aka auna a mW/°C (ƙananan dabi'u suna nufin ƙarancin dumama kai).
■Tsawon Lokaci (τ):
Lokacin da ake buƙata don thermistor don amsawa zuwa 63.2% na canjin zafin jiki (misali, 5 seconds a cikin ruwa, 20 seconds cikin iska).
Sharuɗɗan Fasaha
■ Daidaiton Steinhart-Hart:
Samfurin lissafin lissafi da ke kwatanta dangantakar juriya-zazzabi na masu zafin jiki na NTC:
(T: Cikakken zafin jiki, R: Resistance, A/B/C: Constant)
■ α (Madaidaicin zafin jiki):
Matsakaicin canjin juriya kowane canjin zafin raka'a:
■ Teburin RT (Table na Juriya-Zazzabi):
Teburin tunani yana nuna daidaitattun ƙimar juriya a yanayin zafi daban-daban, ana amfani da shi don daidaitawa ko ƙirar kewaye.
3. Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun na NTC Thermistor
Filin Aikace-aikace
1. Ma'aunin Zazzabi:
o Kayayyakin gida (masu kwandishan, firiji), kayan aikin masana'antu, motoci (fakitin baturi / lura da zafin jiki).
2. Rarraba Zazzabi:
oRamuwa don zazzagewar zafin jiki a cikin sauran kayan lantarki (misali, crystal oscillators, LEDs).
3. Rashin Ragewa a Yanzu:
oYin amfani da babban juriya na sanyi don iyakance inrush halin yanzu yayin farawar wutar lantarki.
Misalan Zane-zane
• Wutar Rarraba Wutar Lantarki:
(Ana ƙididdige yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar karanta ƙarfin lantarki ta ADC.)
• Hanyoyin Lantarki:
Ƙara ƙayyadaddun resistors a cikin jeri/daidaitacce don haɓaka fitarwar NTC mara layi (haɗe da zane-zanen kewayawa).
4. Albarkatun Fasaha da Kayan aiki
Albarkatun Kyauta
•Takardar bayanai:Haɗa dalla-dalla sigogi, girma, da yanayin gwaji.
•RT Table Excel ( PDF ) Samfura: Yana ba abokan ciniki damar bincika ƙimar juriya cikin sauri.
oLa'akari da ƙira don NTC a cikin Kariyar zafin baturi na Lithium
oInganta Ingantattun Ma'aunin Ma'aunin zafin jiki na NTC ta hanyar Gyaran Software
Kayayyakin Kan layi
• Kalkuleta darajar B:Shigar da T1/R1 da T2/R2 don ƙididdige ƙimar B.
•Kayan aikin Juya yanayin zafi: Juriya na shigarwa don samun madaidaicin zafin jiki (yana goyan bayan lissafin Steinhart-Hart).
5. Tukwici Na Zane (Ga Injiniyoyi)
• Guji Kurakurai Masu Duma Kai:Tabbatar cewa halin yanzu aiki yana ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun bayanai (misali, 10μA).
Kare Muhalli:Don mahalli mai ɗanɗano ko ɓarna, yi amfani da NTCs masu lulluɓe da gilashi ko epoxy mai rufi.
• Shawarwari na daidaitawa:Inganta daidaiton tsarin ta hanyar yin madaidaicin maki biyu (misali, 0°C da 100°C).
6.Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
1. Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin NTC da PTC thermistors?
o A: PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistors suna ƙara juriya tare da zafin jiki kuma ana amfani da su don kariyar wuce gona da iri, yayin da ake amfani da thermistors na NTC don auna zafin jiki da ramuwa.
2. Tambaya: Yadda za a zabi darajar B daidai?
o A: Babban darajar B (misali, B25 / 85 = 4700K) suna ba da hankali mafi girma kuma sun dace da ƙananan zafin jiki, yayin da ƙananan ƙimar B (misali, B25 / 50 = 3435K) sun fi kyau ga jeri mai yawa.
3. Q: Shin tsawon waya yana rinjayar daidaiton ma'auni?
oA: Ee, dogayen wayoyi suna gabatar da ƙarin juriya, waɗanda za a iya rama su don amfani da hanyar haɗin waya 3 ko 4.
Farashin mu yana iya canzawa dangane da wadata da sauran abubuwan kasuwa. Za mu aiko muku da wani sabunta jerin farashin bayan kamfanin ku tuntube mu don ƙarin bayani.
Ee, muna buƙatar duk umarni na duniya don samun mafi ƙarancin tsari mai gudana. Idan kuna neman sake siyarwa amma a cikin ƙananan yawa, muna ba da shawarar ku duba gidan yanar gizon mu.
Ee, za mu iya samar da mafi yawan takaddun ciki har da Takaddun Takaddun Bincike / Amincewa; Inshora; Asalin, da sauran takaddun fitarwa inda ake buƙata.
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